The game world is composed of rough 3D objects-mainly cubes and fluids, and commonly called 'blocks'-representing various materials, such as dirt, stone, ores, tree trunks, water, and lava. Gameplay is in the first-person perspective by default, but players have the option of a third-person perspective. However, there is an achievement system, known as 'advancements' in the Java Edition of the game, ' trophies' on the PlayStation ports, and 'achievements' in Bedrock Edition and the Xbox ports. Minecraft is a 3D sandbox game that has no required goals to accomplish, allowing players a large amount of freedom in choosing how to play the game. Several spin-offs have also been made, including Minecraft: Story Mode, Minecraft Earth, Minecraft Dungeons, and the most recent release, Minecraft Legends. In 2014, Mojang and the Minecraft intellectual property were purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5 billion. The game has also been used in educational environments to teach chemistry, computer-aided design, and computer science. Social media, parodies, adaptations, merchandise, and the annual Minecon conventions played prominent roles in popularizing the game. Minecraft has received critical acclaim, winning several awards and being cited by some as one of the greatest video games ever created. The game's large community also offers a wide variety of user-generated content, such as modifications, servers, skins, texture packs, and custom maps, which add new game mechanics and possibilities.

Game modes include a survival mode (in which players must acquire resources to build in the world and maintain health) and a creative mode (in which players have unlimited resources and access to flight). Depending on their chosen game mode, players can fight hostile mobs, as well as cooperate with or compete against other players in the same world. Players can discover and extract raw materials, craft tools and items, and build structures, earthworks, and machines. In Minecraft, players explore a blocky, procedurally generated, three-dimensional world with virtually infinite terrain. Minecraft has become the best-selling video game in history, with over 300 million copies sold and nearly 140 million monthly active players as of 2023. Following several early private testing versions, it was first made public in May 2009 before being fully released in November 2011, with Notch stepping down and Jens 'Jeb' Bergensten taking over development.

The game was created by Markus 'Notch' Persson in the Java programming language. Minecraft is a sandbox game developed by Mojang Studios and originally released in 2009.

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